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2025 Chilean general election

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2025 Chilean general election
← 2021 16 November 2025 (first round)
14 December 2025 (second round)		 2029 →
Registered15,779,102
Turnout85.26% (Increase 37.93 pp)
Presidential election
 
Candidate Jeannette Jara José Antonio Kast
Party Communist Republican
Alliance UpCh CpCh
Popular vote 3,476,615 3,097,717
Percentage 26.85% 23.92%
President before election

Gabriel Boric
FA–UpCh

Elected President

TBD

Chamber of Deputies
All 155 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
78 seats needed for a majority
Party Vote % Seats +/–
UpCh

30.60 61 −13
CpCh

23.01 42 +27
ChGU

21.05 34 −19
PDG

11.98 14 +8
VRH

6.93 3 −1
Independents

0.69 1 0
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Senate
23 of the 50 seats in the Senate
26 seats needed for a majority
Party Vote % Seats +/–
UpCh

32.20 20 +1
ChGU

24.28 17 −7
CpCh

25.37 8 +5
VRH

3.98 3 +1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

General elections were held in Chile on 16 November 2025.[1][2] Voters went to the polls to elect the President of Chile, renew all 155 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and fill 23 of the 50 seats in the Senate. As no presidential candidate secured an absolute majority in the first round, a runoff election is scheduled for 14 December 2025 between the top two finishers: Communist Party member Jeannette Jara and Republican Party candidate José Antonio Kast.

Jara won a plurality of the vote on a platform described by observers as broadly center-left and pragmatic, pledging to increase pension benefits, lower utility costs, and expand housing construction.[3][4] Kast, who placed second, has pledged to build ditches along Chile's northern border with Peru and Bolivia, as well as mass deportations of migrants who entered the country illegally and building maximum security prisons.[5] Combined, right-leaning candidates received approximately 70 percent of the first-round presidential vote.[6] Kaiser and Matthei, both candidates on the right,[7] endorsed Kast for the runoff, while Parisi declined to make an endorsement, calling on his voters to decide themselves who to vote for.[8] Analysts also expected the results could pave way for more market friendly initiatives as Kast was favored to win.[9]

This was the first general election since the reintroduction of compulsory voting in 2022.[10]

Background

[edit]
Main article: 2021 Chilean general election

The 2021 presidential election saw left-wing candidate Gabriel Boric, a former student protest leader during the 2011–2013 student protests, defeat conservative rival José Antonio Kast in a runoff. Boric's victory was attributed to widespread youth mobilization, dissatisfaction with the center-right administration of Sebastián Piñera, and economic strains following the COVID-19 pandemic.[11] His platform emphasized social equity, feminist reforms, and a "dignified life" for marginalized groups, pledging to dismantle Chile's "patriarchal inheritance".[12][13]

By mid-2023, Boric's approval ratings had plummeted to 28%, with 66% disapproving of his administration, according to polls.[14] Analysts cited economic stagnation, legislative gridlock, and public safety concerns as primary factors. The right-wing Republican Party, led by Kast, capitalized on this discontent, securing a dominant victory in the May 2023 Constitutional Council elections, resulting in the failed 2023 Chilean constitutional referendum. Kast declared the results a mandate for "a major change in government", positioning himself as a frontrunner for 2025.[15] Meanwhile, Evelyn Matthei of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI) also gained traction in opinion polls.[16]

Electoral system

[edit]

This will be the first presidential and congressional election since a constitutional amendment was passed and promulgated on 27 December 2022, restoring compulsory voting for all elections and plebiscites for the first time since 2012, except in primary elections.[17] Eligible citizens who do not vote will face a fine of approximately 33,000 pesos (around US$35).[18]

President

[edit]

The President of Chile is elected via a two-round system; a candidate must secure over 50% of the vote to win outright in the first round. If no candidate achieves this, the top two contenders advance to a runoff. The winner of the presidency will be inaugurated on 11 March 2026.

National Congress

[edit]
  • Chamber of Deputies: The 155 members are elected from 28 multi-member constituencies (3–8 seats each) using open-list proportional representation with the d'Hondt method.
  • Senate: The 50 senators serve staggered eight-year terms. Half the chamber (25 seats) is renewed each general election, elected from 16 regional constituencies (2–5 seats each) under similar proportional rules.[19]

Presidential candidates

[edit]

Registered

[edit]
Main article: 2025 Chilean presidential primaries

Seven of the following eight candidates were registered with the Electoral Service (Servel)[20] and were accepted on 29 August 2025.[21][22] Jeannette Jara, as a primary winner, was automatically registered as a candidate on 14 July 2025.[23]

Advanced to runoff

[edit]
Candidate Endorsement Ideology Ref. Remarks

Jeannette Jara
PCCh 		Unity for Chile:

VRH:

IEPAH:

 People's Party

Progressivism
Democratic socialism
Communism 		[24]

[25] [26] [27] [28]

Jeannette Jara, former minister, won the Unity for Chile center-left coalition's presidential primary with 60% of the vote in nationwide elections held on June 29, 2025.[24] Her candidacy was automatically registered with Servel when the Election Certification Tribunal declared her the winner on July 14, 2025.[23] The Christian Democrats (DC), who were not part of the primary coalition, decided on 26 July to join the alliance, run on a unified parliamentary list, and support Jara's presidential bid.[25] In addition to the DC, several non-official left-wing parties declared their support for Jara. On 3 August, the People's Party (PP) announced its backing for her candidacy during its National Council, also committing to present a parliamentary list aligned with Jara's campaign.[26] Similarly, the Equality Party (PI) declared on 4 August that it would support Jara while maintaining its independent stance from the official coalition.[27] The Solidarity for Chile Party (PSOL) also endorsed Jara on 7 August, emphasizing the need to oppose the far-right candidacy of José Antonio Kast and advance social and political transformations in Chile.[28] However, two parties that participated in the primary—Social Green Regionalist Federation (FRVS) and Humanist Action (AH)—withdrew from the coalition on 16 August to register an independent parliamentary list named Verdes, Regionalistas y Humanistas, led by former Valparaíso mayor Jorge Sharp. While reiterating their support for Jara's presidential candidacy, FRVS and AH leaders stated that the move was intended to highlight their regionalist, environmental, and humanist agendas and to compete on equal terms in the legislative elections.[29]

José Antonio Kast
PRCh 		Change for Chile: Right-wing populism
National conservatism
Pinochetism 		[30]

[31]

José Antonio Kast, former deputy and founder of the Republican Party, was proclaimed as the party's presidential candidate on 9 January 2025, running directly in the November election without participating in any opposition primaries.[30] He received additional backing from the Christian Social Party on 19 July 2025.[31] Kast officially registered his candidacy with Servel on 18 August 2025, marking his third bid for the presidency. During his registration, he criticized what he described as a campaign of lies and defamation against him, emphasized the need for economic growth to improve pensions, and highlighted his proposals for public security, social order, and the welfare of animals.[32]

Eliminated in first round

[edit]
Candidate Endorsement Ideology Ref. Remarks

Eduardo Artés
Independent 		PC (AP)
Independent electors 		Marxism–Leninism
Socialist patriotism
Anti-Zionism
Multipolarity
Left-wing nationalism 		[33] Eduardo Artés, presidential candidate for the Communist Party (Proletarian Action), confirmed in December 2024 that he would make a third bid for the presidency, stating that his campaign seeks to reform Chile and end what he calls the country's "political duopoly."[34] Because his party is not legally registered nationwide, he was required to gather over 35,000 signatures to qualify as an independent. Shortly before the registration deadline in August 2025, his campaign announced it had met this requirement,[35] and he officially registered with Servel on 19 August 2025.[36]

Marco Enríquez-Ominami
Independent 		Independent electors Democratic socialism
Progressivism 		[37] Marco Enríquez-Ominami, former deputy, confirmed on 3 August 2025 that he had collected 36,200 signatures—exceeding the 35,361 required[38]—to run for president for a fifth time.[39] In February, he had said he would consider another campaign, calling himself "a political animal" still "in the fight."[40] He officially registered his candidacy with Servel on 18 August 2025 with over 37,000 independent sponsorships, declaring that he personally financed his nationwide tour and online campaign to gather the signatures.[37]

Johannes Kaiser
PNL 		Change for Chile: Social conservatism
Paleolibertarianism
Pinochetism 		[41]

[42]

Johannes Kaiser, deputy, was proclaimed as the presidential candidate for the National Libertarian Party (PNL) on 12 July 2025 during a ceremony at Espacio Riesco attended by around three thousand people, which included a controversial rendition of the Chilean National Anthem's third stanza.[41] Kaiser officially registered his candidacy with Servel on 14 August 2025, presenting his government program and emphasizing that he has a "solid base to start the campaign" despite pressure to withdraw and unfavorable polling results.[42]

Evelyn Matthei
UDI

Chile Grande y Unido:

AxCh

Liberal conservatism
Economic liberalism
Conservative liberalism 		[43]

[44] [45] [46] [47] [48]

Evelyn Matthei, former senator and minister, was endorsed as a presidential candidate by National Renewal on 11 January 2025,[43] the UDI on 18 January,[44] and Evópoli on 22 March,[45] making her the nominee of the entire Chile Vamos coalition. Amarillos por Chile declared its support on 6 June.[46] Matthei formally registered her candidacy with Servel on 16 August 2025, at which time Chile Vamos and Democrats presented their joint parliamentary pact, Great and United Chile.[49] Before her official registration, Matthei held the status of pre-candidate—a term in Chile for those who announce their intention to run for office ahead of the formal registration period. This designation permits limited campaigning under Servel supervision, including the ability to receive donations and incur electoral expenses within regulated limits.[47][50]

Harold Mayne-Nicholls
Independent 		Independent electors [51] Harold Mayne-Nicholls, journalist and former president of the ANFP, confirmed on 16 August 2025 that he had collected the 35,361 signatures required to run for president.[52] He officially registered his independent candidacy with Servel on 18 August 2025, presenting members of his team and emphasizing his campaign's focus on security, education, health, and housing.[51] Mayne-Nicholls has framed his candidacy around dialogue, moderation, and his experience managing major projects such as the Santiago 2023 Pan American Games.[53]

Franco Parisi
PDG 		PDG Populism
E-democracy 		[54] Franco Parisi, presidential candidate for the Party of the People (PDG), was officially proclaimed by his party on 6 May 2025 at the Santiago Congress headquarters, marking the start of his third presidential bid. He criticized both left- and right-wing parties for prioritizing their own interests over the middle class and expressed his goal of reaching a second-round runoff while winning parliamentary seats for his party.[54] Parisi officially registered his candidacy with Servel on 18 August 2025, asserting that "the polls are lying" and highlighting the influence of his parliamentary candidates, including deputy Pamela Jiles.[55]

Withdrawn

[edit]
  • Félix González (Green Ecologist Party), deputy for District 20 in the Biobío Region, announced his presidential bid on 6 January 2025, saying, "we have decided to collect the signatures to register an ecologist candidacy, because environmental issues are absent from the public agenda." He emphasized urgent social and climate security, adding, "we have the obligation to raise pensions… and face fires, floods, and droughts."[56] González ultimately did not register and will not appear on the November 2025 ballot.[20]
  • Vlado Mirosevic (Liberal Party, PL), deputy for District 1 in the Arica and Parinacota Region, was proclaimed his party's presidential candidate on 12 October 2024 and planned to run in the center-left primaries. But with the Liberal Party lacking national status, it needed 35,361 signatures to validate his candidacy; by 31 March, it had only 9,851 members. Mirosevic withdrew on 16 April 2025 and endorsed Carolina Tohá.[57] He denied the signature shortfall was the reason, arguing that multiple candidates from the PS, PPD, and PL risked handing victory to the Communist Party, and called Tohá the most competitive option.[58]
  • Francesca Muñoz (Christian Social Party, PSC), deputy for District 20 in the Biobío Region, was proclaimed her party's presidential candidate on 29 April 2025, following the resignation of Senator Rojo Edwards and amid a new alliance with the Republican and National Libertarian parties.[59] But on 30 June, she ended her bid and endorsed José Antonio Kast, calling the moment one that "demands brave, generous, and responsible decisions," and urging her supporters to back his candidacy.[60]
  • Ximena Rincón (Demócratas), senator for the Maule Region, was proclaimed as the party's presidential candidate on 15 March 2025.[61] The party indicated it would explore the possibility of joining a primary with other political forces, emphasizing a centrist path "far from the extremes" and aiming for broader parliamentary representation. Rincón framed her prospective campaign around dialogue and moderation, asserting that Chile could "once again be admired and respected around the world."[61] However, she ultimately did not register her candidacy with Servel and therefore will not appear on the ballot for the November 2025 election.[20]
  • Marcelo Trivelli (independent, ex-DC), former intendant of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, ended his presidential bid on 31 July 2025 after failing to gather the 36,000 signatures required to run as an independent. He acknowledged the lack of both citizen support and backing from the Christian Democratic Party, which instead endorsed Jeannette Jara. Trivelli criticized the DC for "abandoning its historic convictions" and stated he would continue working on initiatives promoting social cohesion.[62]
  • Alberto Undurraga (Christian Democratic Party, DC), deputy for District 8 and party president, formally withdrew his presidential candidacy on 10 May 2025 during a National Council meeting, following mounting internal criticism and isolation from broader center-left alliances.[63] Though previously proclaimed by the party to run in primaries, the DC's Supreme Tribunal annulled the mandate after no pact was reached and the primary deadline passed.[64] Amid growing dissent and key figures like Ignacio Walker and Genaro Arriagada endorsing Carolina Tohá, Undurraga acknowledged that internal conditions were not conducive to a viable candidacy. He cited the need to avoid damaging the party and pledged to focus on parliamentary negotiations and promoting the DC's programmatic agenda.[63]
  • Paulina Vodanovic (Socialist Party, PS), senator for the Maule Region and PS president, withdrew her presidential candidacy on 28 April 2025, just two weeks after being unanimously proclaimed by the party's central committee.[65] She cited the lack of support from other parties and the need to back a unified candidacy within the center-left, which consolidated around Carolina Tohá. Vodanovic stated that continuing her campaign would have required political conditions that did not materialize and emphasized the importance of unity against the right.[66]

Declined

[edit]

Speculated

[edit]

Campaign

[edit]

A polarising election, the campaign's main concerns were rising gang violence and migration from Venezuela, rather than traditional economic or social issues.[83][84]

Endorsements

[edit]
Endorsements from first-round candidates
First-round candidate First round Endorsement
Franco Parisi 19.71% No endorsement[85]
Johannes Kaiser 13.94% José Antonio Kast[86]
Evelyn Matthei 12.46% José Antonio Kast[87]
Harold Mayne-Nicholls 1.26% TBA
Marco Enríquez-Ominami 1.20% TBA
Eduardo Artés 0.66% TBA
Endorsements from political parties and movements
All. Party Ideology Endorsement
ChpC National Libertarian Party Right-libertarianism José Antonio Kast[88]
ChGyU Independent Democratic Union Conservatism José Antonio Kast[89]
National Renewal Liberal conservatism José Antonio Kast[90]
Evópoli Classical liberalism TBA[a]
Democrats Christian democracy TBA
— Party of the People Populism No endorsement[92]
Amarillos por Chile (dissolving) Centrism No endorsement[93]
Liberty Party [es] (in formation) Right-libertarianism José Antonio Kast[94]
José Antonio Kast
Former officials
International politicians
Organizations
  1. ^ The Political Commission proposed to endorse Kast, yet to be confirmed by the General Council.[91]

Opinion polls

[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2025 Chilean presidential election
Opinion polls for the first round of the 2025 Chilean presidential election. Each point represents a poll. Each line is a local regression that represents one of the officially registered candidates.
Opinion polls for the second round of the 2025 Chilean presidential election. Each point represents a poll. Each line is a local regression that represents the two candidates.

Results

[edit]

President

[edit]

No candidate obtained the required majority to win the presidency outright. As a result, the election will proceed to a runoff between Jeannette Jara and José Antonio Kast on 14 December 2025.[100] Kast finished below his 2021 performance, Jara obtained a vote share slightly lower than most polls had projected, and Franco Parisi significantly exceeded polling expectations by finishing in third place rather than the fifth position forecast by surveys.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Jeannette JaraCommunist Party (UpCh)3,476,61526.85
José Antonio KastRepublican Party (CpCh)3,097,71723.92
Franco ParisiParty of the People2,552,64919.71
Johannes KaiserNational Libertarian Party (CpCh)1,804,77313.94
Evelyn MattheiIndependent Democratic Union (ChGU)1,613,79712.46
Harold Mayne-NichollsIndependent163,2731.26
Marco Enríquez-OminamiIndependent154,8501.20
Eduardo ArtésIndependent (PC-AP)86,0410.66
Total12,949,715100.00
Valid votes12,949,71596.26
Invalid votes360,9262.68
Blank votes142,0831.06
Total votes13,452,724100.00
Registered voters/turnout15,779,10285.26
Source: Servel, based on preliminary results with 99.99% of polling stations counted.

Chamber of Deputies

[edit]

In the Chamber of Deputies, Unidad por Chile emerged as the largest bloc with 61 seats, followed by Cambio por Chile with 42 seats. Smaller coalitions and parties, including Chile Grande y Unido and the Party of the People, also secured representation.

Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Unidad por ChileBroad Front799,3107.5417–6
Socialist Party579,1645.4711–2
Communist Party531,4865.0211–1
Christian Democratic Party448,7214.2380
Party for Democracy425,5714.029+2
Liberal Party235,2562.223–1
Radical Party222,7912.102–2
Total3,242,29930.6061–10
Change for ChileRepublican Party1,407,61413.2831+17
National Libertarian Party671,8926.348New
Christian Social Party358,9083.393+2
Total2,438,41423.0142+19
Chile Grande y UnidoIndependent Democratic Union884,6318.3518–5
National Renewal858,6138.1013–12
Evópoli277,7112.622–2
Democrats210,1811.981New
Total2,231,13621.0534–16
Party of the People1,269,61511.9814+8
Greens, Regionalists
and Humanists		Social Green Regionalist Federation455,3504.3020
Humanist Action279,1662.631New
Total734,5166.933+1
Popular Ecologist LeftHumanist Party197,5931.860–3
Equality Party79,0710.7500
Total276,6642.610–3
Green Ecologist Party87,9450.830–2
Amarillos por Chile87,0260.820New
Popular Green Alliance Party68,9250.650New
Revolutionary Workers Party64,4560.6100
People's Party23,2310.220New
Independents73,0780.691–1
Total10,597,305100.001550
Valid votes10,597,30579.99
Invalid votes1,703,24912.86
Blank votes948,2017.16
Total votes13,248,755100.00
Registered voters/turnout15,618,16784.83
Source: Servel, based on preliminary results.

Senate

[edit]

In the Senate, 23 seats were renewed. The election maintained the overall ideological balance seen in 2021, with right-leaning and left-leaning parties each controlling 25 seats when counting independents. The main changes were internal to each bloc: Unidad por Chile unified the former center-left and left coalitions without altering their combined seat total, while the right experienced a shift in influence as the Republican Party expanded and the Independent Democratic Union declined. No minor or outsider lists won seats.

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
WonNot upTotal
Unidad por ChileCommunist Party257,1308.33123
Socialist Party222,0327.20347
Broad Front154,1535.00202
Party for Democracy146,7994.76224
Christian Democratic Party93,4683.03213
Liberal Party74,8252.42101
Radical Party45,2631.47000
Total993,67032.2011920
Change for ChileRepublican Party531,83417.23505
National Libertarian Party171,0995.54101
Christian Social Party80,1092.60022
Total783,04225.38628
Chile Grande y UnidoNational Renewal429,44013.92448
Independent Democratic Union230,4787.47055
Democrats77,8822.52112
Political Evolution11,2170.36022
Total749,01724.2751217
Party of the People324,63010.52000
Greens, Regionalists
and Humanists		Social Green Regionalist Federation80,0412.59123
Humanist Action42,8981.39000
Total122,9393.98123
Green Ecologist Party21,3250.69000
Popular Ecologist LeftHumanist Party9,7780.32000
Equality Party4,8340.16000
Total14,6120.47000
Popular Green Alliance Party9,7050.31000
People's Party2,1530.07000
Independents64,7842.10022
Total3,085,877100.00232750
Valid votes3,085,87782.71
Invalid votes402,31210.78
Blank votes242,9696.51
Total votes3,731,158100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,378,94085.21
Source: Servel, based on preliminary results.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Preparations for elections in Chile move forward". Prensa Latina. 24 October 2025. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
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  4. ^ "Trump-Style Candidate Heads to Runoff in Chile's Election". The New York Times. 16 November 2025. Retrieved 17 November 2025.
  5. ^ "Communist and far-right candidates head to Chile presidential run-off". BBC. 17 November 2025. Retrieved 20 November 2025. Kast has pledged to build ditches along Chile's northern border with Peru and Bolivia, as well as mass deportations of undocumented migrants and people who entered the country illegally. He has also promised new maximum-security prisons, like those built in El Salvador.
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  29. ^ Halabi, María José (16 August 2025). ""Verdes, Regionalistas y Humanistas": FRVS y AH incriben lista con Sharp como candidato". La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 August 2025.
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  38. ^ Castillo, Alejandro (28 March 2025). "¿Qué son los patrocinios para las candidaturas de las Elecciones 2025?". Servicio Electoral de Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 August 2025.
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